Possible effects of ginseng on blood glucose in diabetic patients Essay

Potential impacts of ginseng on blood glucose in diabetic patients - Essay Example The plant is developed for its man molded roots which structure a significant eating routine enhancement in Asian nations and United States. Verifiable records uncover the utilization of ginseng pull for adequately rewarding maladies with side effects like diabetes. Be that as it may, explores to research the antidiabetic impact of Ginseng root started distinctly in the main portion of twentieth century. Studies directed by Japanese researchers on the base of Ginseng during the 1920s prompted reports affirming the conventional cases of Ginseng root being viable in lessening pattern blood glucose and easing hyperglycemia caused as an outcome of high admission of glucose. Since the time various in vitro investigations, creature preliminaries, clinical preliminaries on the root and root removes have bolstered the productivity of ginseng in controlling glucose levels in diabetics and subsequently has been utilized for the treatment of diabetes (Xie et al., 2005). The constituents are gin seng root are 80%-90% natural and up to 10% inorganic with various dynamic fixings in particular saponins or ginsenosides, numerous starches, nitrogenous substances, phytosterols, fundamental oils, nutrients, minerals, amino acids, peptides and natural acids. The dynamic fixings announced in the concentrates powerful in diminishing blood glucose levls have been recognized with ginsenosides and polysaccharides. Ginsenosides has been recognized as the vital dynamic element of the plant and its fixation is most elevated in the leaf, trailed by berry and afterward roots. Plus, the profile of ginsenosides with six primary ginsenosides disconnected from root berry and leaf is likewise unique. Accordingly it has been guessed that the overall extents of the a portion of these ginsenosides decides the hypoglycemic effectiveness of ginseng extricates (Xie et al., 2005). Accordingly hypoglycemic impact of ginseng separates has been all around recorded and upheld by trial confirmations. The poi nt of this paper is to exhibit the impact of ginseng on glucose levels in diabetic patients. Technique PARTICIPANTS 5 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus with mean estimations old enough, BMI and weight being 62, 29kg/m2 and 81Kf were chosen in the wake of advising them about the method and plausible consequences of the examination and getting their composed assent. It was guaranteed that the Diabetes patients were sensibly controlled and were on a treatment system including the medications sulfonylurea, and a mix of sulfonylurea and metformin; which was kept during the time of analysis. Every one of the members was given guidance booklet to guarantee that different conditions are kept up uniform over the span of the analysis. TREATMENT The patients were given two classifications of medicines; one gelatin case with 3g ginseng allowed either 40 minutes before a glucose admission of 25g of 300ml glucose or synchronous with same grouping of glucose; both taken orally. The control tr eatment included indistinguishable organization of all fixings as in treatment bunch aside from ginseng being supplanted by a fake treatment container containing corn sugar rather than ginseng. Four medicines, two tests and two controls were given to every member in arbitrary request. Method Maintaining each other state of diet, action and prescription steady, members were directed the above portions at time frames week following 10-12 hours of fasting in the first part of the day. Each test was gone before with ordinary examination and complete portion of schedule

Airport Security free essay sample

Danger of fear based oppression innovative human techniques for discovery anticipation. Access control, explosives, x-beam imaging, atomic methods, expenses and preparing. The aeronautics business starting late has confronted the amazing issue of security, because of a specific penetrate thereof which had appalling outcomes and suggestions with respect to the conceivable outcomes of hazardous air travel. With regards to this, safety efforts were important to guarantee that such a circumstance would not again emerge. Accordingly, screening turned into a stage in movement, one which is currently confronted with different arrangements with contrasting degrees of social and moral guts. The enrolled flyer program set up to empower pre-screening is abandoned by the money related prerequisites of the administration, overlooking financial imbalance inside society. The morals of permitting privately owned businesses to decide the personality of residents are likewise dim considering the opportunity for blunder and misuse made. Security will be and has consistently been an issue inside American culture. The presence of apparatus which attacks this must be met wi th rules to forestall its maltreatment, as untrustworthy workers may make sense of an approach to kill blue pencils, along these lines seeing things the flyers would not with them to. We will compose a custom exposition test on Air terminal Security or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Likewise with any industry, that of flight faces various traps to social and moral wrong, which must be searched out and amended before any harm being finished.

Yay, weekend!

Yay, weekend! On Friday evening, I was lounging around being bored. There were other people on 5th East doing the same thing, so we sat under the red lights of Black Bemis and talked, which is a popular quiet-night activity on 5th East. We were soon joined by Lex 00. One of my favorite things about the culture I live in is that many alunmi stay involved for years after they graduate. I enjoy talking to them well, most of them because they have stories, and they have useful advice, and a sense of history and perspective. Lex is one of our more active cruft (a term meaning either alums who hang around, or defunct electronic hardware) and was really supportive and helpful to me back when I was running for UAVP (Undergraduate Association Vice-President everything at MIT is a number, abbreviation or acronym), giving campaign advice and showing up to watch my debate. He could relate; he used to be UAVP himself! In fact, he was Matts VP! Small world, right? Eventually, I went down to 1st East to check out their dance party. They are the proud home of the famed Disco Dance Floor. I took a picture of people dancing, but Im not such a great photographer and the pretty colors didnt come out very well. :( You should go to the link I provided instead of me putting the picture up, because those are good photographs. I was going to leave the party and go out with a bunch of friends at midnight, but got distracted by Dennis 08 and Bethany 06, who were watching Star Wars in 6-120. On Saturday, a bunch of 5th East walked to Sicilias Pizza for dinner. Wed all ordered it before for delivery, but wed never been to the restaurant, which is near Boston University, so we decided wed have an adventure. It ended up being more adventurous than we thought, because as soon as we stepped onto the Harvard Bridge, a storm hit, and the rain blew horizontally and soaked the right halves of all our bodies. But it was good food! But Sunday was a pretty day. My room gets particularly sunny on nice days, and this attracts cats, like Nietzsche here: Some halls and dorms allow cats, some dont. Nietzsche belongs to Sarah 08, and has spent about seven of the roughly eight months of his life on hall. When the evening came, we decided it was such a nice day that we should have a barbecue in the East Campus courtyard. Yelena 06, Brian 08, Irene 08, and Matt 08 eat. Matt puts chicken and pork chops on the grill. We had company, in the form of Joe Foley, a Senior Haus GRT (Graduate Resident Tutor). Hes been around a long time, having received his undergrad degree in 98, and is one of the most famed of the legendary crazy characters we get around the east side of campus. *grin* Foley enjoyed our food. At 10, I went to an EC Rush meeting. Well, I suppose its technically a REX meeting. But one thing youll notice students dont actually call Dorm Rush REX, except when they need to be official. And even then, they sometimes slip up. Our Rush Chairs are the ones in charge of making sure the dorm is on schedule preparing for Rush. Each dorm has its own. At EC, we consider Rush a big deal, so we have three of them. Here they are sitting on the couch thats against the wall, which at EC is a signal of being in authority: Schuyler 06 (1st East), Vogt 06 (5th East), and Harvey 06 (2nd West) at the end of the meeting. We have an impressive set of Rush Chairs this year. Schuyler is also the Rush Chair for all of DormCon! Vogt is the EC Desk Captain, and some other interesting stuff. And Harvey is the EC Presidentand the DormCon President! Clearly, EC Rush will be awesome this year. If youre an incoming frosh, you should make sure to come. Actually, you should make sure to visit as many dorms as you can during Dorm Rush, so that you can decide for sure which one you want to live in I know you picked over the summer, but come on, would you buy a house before youd visited all your options in person? Post Tagged #East Campus

Electronic Medical Record ( Emr ) - 1574 Words

HIS, also known as healthcare information system is a broad system used in healthcare settings. Depending on the needs of the facility, determines the complexity of the system. This can range from basic needs such as billing to the more complex which encompasses several systems that help manage every service available to the patient. Learning to use and integrate this into the nursing field is crucial to effectively care for and manage patients. In 2004, the Office of the National Coordinator (ONC) was established. This merged healthcare and IT programing in the United States. In 2008, ONC decided on terms used to identify patient’s records. Within the clinical information system, there are three different types of patient records being†¦show more content†¦If a HIE is not present, the EMRs are not able to communicate with other facilities EMRs causing duplicate information on patient that isn’t always correct. A situation where this is common is when a pati ent has surgery and then goes to another facility for complications due to the surgery, the patients knowledge doesn’t always coincide with the actual events that took place. While EHRs have several benefits, they still come at a cost to the provider and the consumer. It wasn’t until 2009 when the Health Information Technology for Economics and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act, signed the largest US initiative to date. This enticed the widespread of use of EHRs as a part of the stimulus package(4). Electronic health records have propelled IT into the next generation of healthcare. Not only is everything at the providers fingertips, it allows autonomy for the patient. Our world is becoming very digital, from purchasing concert tickets, to applying for college, this is done at the click of a fingertip. Yet healthcare has aspects that are still stuck in the paper documentation era. From receive paper prescriptions from their doctors to filling out patient history every time someone sees a different physician, there is still work to be done to seamlessly transition to a digital platform. According to Collum and Menachemi, EHRs are defined as â€Å"a longitudinal electronic record of patient health information generated by one or more encounters inShow MoreRelatedElectronic Medical Records ( Emr )1245 Words   |  5 PagesElectronic medical records (EMR) Introduction For centuries, paper-based records were the only way of communicating patient’s medical records throughout the health care system. Gradually, for the past two decades, the healthcare system has been transitioning toward computerized systems called electronic medical records better knowns as EMR. Dr. Clem McDonald from the Regenstrief Institute stated that his â€Å"goal was to solve three problems, to eliminate the logistical problems of the paper recordsRead MoreElectronic Medical Record ( Emr ) Essay1401 Words   |  6 PagesElectronic Medical Record Introduction The introduction of computers has allowed the medical community to rapidly change the way they practice. Healthcare providers are no longer using paper records but have instead opted to utilize an electronic medical Record (EMR). While not all offices and hospitals have switched to an EMR it is becoming more standard to be a routine part of healthcare. Now patients can even view their health care records on the cellphones. Providers can access a patient’sRead MoreElectronic Medical Record ( Emr )952 Words   |  4 Pagespatient records available throughout a health care network (ahrq.gov 2006). To the point that congress in 2009 put aside billions of dollars from the stimulus package, to create incentives for meaningful use of Health Information Technology (HIT) to physicians or health organizations. Nonetheless, despite the bright future and potential benefits of HIT some conflicts still rise about its complete adaptation and success in the future. Mainly to those particular HITs, Electronic Medical Records (EMR), PersonalRead MoreElectronic Medical Record ( Emr )1688 Words   |  7 Pagesgovernment pushed for the automation of Electronic Medical Record (EMR), hospitals and private practices were required to follow the government mandate to avail of the incentives and at the same time to qualify for Medicare and Medicaid reimbursements. Moving from paper to electronic records was a monumental tasks not only in the implementation of the software but also in training all hospital providers to properly use the EMR. In 2010, the University of Maryland Medical System (UMMS) decided to switchRead MoreElectronic Medical Record ( Emr ) Essay1810 Words   |  8 Pages Data Errors in Electronic Medical Records Amanda Baksh Nursing 232 Professor Virgona May 19,2015 An Electronic Medical Record (EMR) is a digital account of a paper chart in a health facility. It comprises of a systematic collection of treatment and medical account of the individual patients in one practice. An EMR permits a medical officer to keep track of data over time, simply recognize which patients are in line for for preventative screenings, look how patients are faring on particularRead MoreElectronic Medical Records ( Emr )1322 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology Technology plays a vital role on the overall productivity of a medical practice. Electronic medical records (EMR) are commonly used by both large and small practices. They offer practices an efficient mean of storing patient data; furthermore, the government offer incentives for meaningful use of electronic medical records. Generally when it comes to implementing an EMR, it is necessary to choose the right vendor. EMRs usually fall into three vendor systems: single-vendor, best-of-breed, andRead MoreElectronic Medical Record ( Emr ) Essay1758 Words   |  8 PagesAn electronic medical record (EMR) is a digital version of the paper based medical record for an individual. An electronic medical record contains the standard medical and clinical data gathered in one provider’s office. Electronic health record goes beyond the data collected in the provider’s office and includes a more inclusive patient history. This system is intended to store data that accurately captures the state of a patient across time. One reason why health care organizations have beenRead MoreElectronic Medical Record ( Emr )1685 Words   |  7 Pages An electronic medical record (EMR) is a digital version of the paper based medical record for an individual. An electronic medical record contains the standard medical and clinical data gathered in one provider’s office. Electronic health record goes beyond the data collected in the provider’s office and includes a more inclusive patient history. This system is intended to store data that accurately captures the state of a patient across time. One reason why health care organizations have beenRead MoreThe Electronic Medical Record ( Emr )1626 Words   |  7 PagesMeaningful Use and its Development The electronic medical record (EMR) is the replacement of paper manual charts and is being used all across the country. As per Hebda and Czar (2013), the EMR is the â€Å"building block† of the electronic health record (EHR), which can be defined as â€Å"a longitudinal record that includes client data, demographics, clinician notes, medications, diagnostic findings, and other essential healthcare information† (p.293). The widespread use of EHR’s in America is foreseeableRead MoreThe Electronic Medical Record ( Emr )2104 Words   |  9 Pagesto the Providence Leadership team. One area that has been worked on is the use of technology to ease the caregiver’s way. This has been implemented by the use of the Electronic Medical Record (EMR). The reason this has eased the way not only for patients but for caregivers is because it has allowed them to see a patient’s records in one place instead of having to dig for information. Having all of this info rmation at their fingertips has allowed for the caregiver to focus on the patient more and

Core Motivations for the Utilisation of Internet in Holiday Planning and Booking Free Essay Example, 2000 words

One of the elements and aspects of information gathered online include the fact that information gathered online are detailed and more diverse (Nalin, 2014). As such, a visitor or prospective tourist can get a wide array of information that can give him an informed view of the destination and hence make the journey more interesting and more worthwhile (OECD, 2012). Through the Internet, a prospective visitor can get all the information she needs objectively and subjectively (Nalin, 2014). Therefore, if a tourist has unique needs and expectations, he could potentially gather as much information as possible and come up with a good plan that will suit his or her needs. This is opposed to traditional approaches of gathering information in ways and means through magazines, television shows and calling a given tourism center or many different accommodation entities to gather information. Everything is available online. One of the benefits that come with the abundance of information via th e Internet is the ability to make comparisons (Mariani, et al. , 2014). This is because an average tourist can get a lot of information about accommodation in a given place by just a click of a mouse or the flip of a smartphone. We will write a custom essay sample on Core Motivations for the Utilisation of Internet in Holiday Planning and Booking or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page This is because most online portals and payment systems are streamlined. And it is easy to pay money across different currency units without any major disparities, issues, and confusion. This makes the Internet the desired option of carrying out activities because it is objective and there is no sign of cheating or any attempts to take advantage of any one (Nalin, 2014).

The Thousands of Languages Free Essays

Among the world, there are thousands of different languages spoken. One of the most unique and complex languages is the English language. This language has been developed from centuries of mixing cultures and environments. We will write a custom essay sample on The Thousands of Languages or any similar topic only for you Order Now With this, English has experienced a large change from what original English was to what it is today. The English language has changed due to a variety of new technologies, such as: foreign conquering, the printing press, and the increase of cell phone use. The beginning of the English language can be found in the year of 400 CE. In this year, Germanic tribes sailed and captured present day England. This created a new mix of culture and language called Old English, or Anglo-Saxon. This language involved characters that are not used in the language today and was very scarcely written. Most of this evidence is found through oral stories from past generations. Due to the technological advances, allowing the Germanic tribes to come across to England, we see the blossoming of a language that is now spoken by many. By 1066 CE, the country of Normandy invaded and conquered England. This created a new shift and mixture of Latin and French influences onto Old English. This developed a more famous and more documented version of the language, Middle English. This version can be seen through the Elizabethan era and ends with the development of the printing press. The printing press was invented in 1500 by Johannes Gutenberg. This technological improvement revolutionized the English language. This invention created a surplus of books, secured punctuation and grammar, as well as raised the literacy rates. The printing press had flourished in England and created over 20 million books (Willis). In addition, the literacy rates skyrocketed throughout the area. This invention caused a rise in what is now called Modern English. This era is seen from the 1500s to present. However, the English language is taking a surprising informal turn back to slang. Due to all the technological advances facing society today, we find an abundance of cellphones. These devices connect every inch of the globe together. Approximately 62.9% of the human population owns a mobile device (statisa.com). This adds enormous opportunity for cultures and languages to mix and diverge together. When there are so many people being allowed to communicate with each other, new forms and words are created to bring in an overall sense of unity. With the emergence of cellphones, people saw an informality begin to develop in our communication system. In addition, it is expected that over 5 billion people will be using cellphones. Based on this growing technology, English is becoming americanized and is increasingly using more abbreviations and emoticons to describe what we are trying to say. With this many countries are using â€Å"American English† in their day to day communication. They use abbreviations such as â€Å"LOL† and â€Å"BRB† more often than typing out the actual words (Draxler). This creates more slang and informality surrounding the use of the English language. Throughout the past 21 centuries, the language of English has changed from a barbaric, Germanic language, to being highly esteemed and modeled by French and Latin, to finally being used as a world-wide language for communication. As technology and its use continue to rise, the English language will evolve and change with each of the cultures it meets. English is not a concrete language and was created by an assortment of cultures and technologies. Where will English be in the next 20 years? Technology will lead the way to that answer. How to cite The Thousands of Languages, Papers

Dead Poets Society Analysis free essay sample

However, Mr. Keating believes that if they do this, all the students will hate school because they have nothing to look forward to except more homework and more tests. Mr. Keating also becomes the only teacher whose students look forward to his class. Not only is he an amazing teacher, he also befriends many of his students, especially Neil Perry. At one point, Neil goes to Mr. Keating to find out what he should do when his father approaches him and tells him he was to drop out of the play. Neil never would have even thought to ask him had Mr. Keating not made a conscious effort to befriend him. Neil knew that if he asked any of the other teachers, they would side with his father and tell him to drop out as well. He went to Mr. Keating because he always told his class to seize the day. We will write a custom essay sample on Dead Poets Society Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This was Neils way of seizing the day; he found the one thing that he wanted to do, and Mr. Keating supported it. Even though some speculate that it was Mr. Keating who encouraged Neil to commit suicide, it was not. It could be blamed on any number of things, but it is very clear that Mr. Perry pushed Neil to end his own life, and it was unfair when Mr. Keating was extracted from the school’s administration. Dead Poets Society Analysis free essay sample The boys form the DPS for various reasons. First is the attraction to the activities. Keating romantically describes the DPS as a rebellious and mysterious gathering for reading poetry, wooing women, and creating gods. Neil, a student suppressed and controlled by his father, finds the risk of breaking rules attractive, for he sees it as a way to establish his own identity and regain control over his life. Charlie joins for a similar sense of adventure. The other students are not so eager to engage in risky activities and are reluctant to join. Charlie and Neil persuade, pressure, and negotiate to get these students to take part in the DPS. Norms are established at the first meeting (some are adopted from Keatings suggestions). They include the time (after lights-out at Welton) and location (a local cave) of the meetings, as well as the opening ritual of reading a Thoreau poem. We will write a custom essay sample on Dead Poets Society Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Rebellious behavior (e. g. , smoking, drinking) is encouraged and a ritual dance is developed. It is agreed that Todd will be the clubs secretary because he does not like to read aloud. Storming occurs when Charlie announces that he wrote a letter to the school newspaper requesting that girls be admitted to Weltonand signed it from the DPS. This causes dissension because he did not ask for the others opinions on the matter and because it calls attention to the secret club. Charlie shows loyalty to his friends and assumes responsibility for his actions by taking the punishment for the letter. Similar acts of loyalty and support regarding Neils acting, Knoxs pursuit of a girlfriend, and Todds assertiveness are the essential ingredients of the groups performing stage. Neils suicide puts the club to the test as the administration coerces members to blow the whistle on each other and on Mr. Keating. This leads to more storming within the DPS and causes marginal members such as Cameron (Kussman) to abandon their loyalty. Although all the members except Charlie sign the confession statement that is forced upon them, the core members of the DPS remain cohesive. They perform one final rebellious act together: standing on their desks and acknowledging Keating as their captain.

International Business Transactions of United States and Saudi Arabia

International business is a type of trade that involves commercial transactions between two or more countries operating beyond their national boundaries. In other terms, these are business transactions involving several nations, which are carried out at the international level.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Business Transactions of United States and Saudi Arabia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As it would be observed, international business transactions are of great importance to participating countries in a number of ways. For example, they help in strengthening a country’s international relations with other countries in the world. More importantly, they give countries a direct opportunity to market their products in the global markets, thus playing a key role in shaping their economic development. This paper is about international business transactions and it revolves around two countrie s that have been successful in this type of trade. The two featured countries are United States and Saudi Arabia. In fact, United States is one of the most developed countries in the world, in terms of trade and economy (Rugman and Collinson 35). At 9.8 million km2 in land area, the US is arguably one of the largest countries globally. Currently, the country’s population stands at around 317 million people. United States is a major player in the global markets, and this is evident from its large business links with other countries across the world. As a result of these commercial establishments, America enjoys one of the most successful economic relationships in the world.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More USA is a major player in export transactions, and some of its major exports are transportation equipment, petroleum oils, pharmaceutical products, organic chemicals, and telecommunications equipment. In terms of the imports, USA is the leading importer of commodities and products in the world. Some of their major imports would include refined petroleum oils, crude petroleum oils, automobiles, medicaments, and automatic data processing machines. Most of the country’s exports go to Canada, while most of its imports come from China. Just like other advanced nations, USA enjoys a wide range of industries and manufacturing companies (Rosenberg, Nathan and Rosenberg 68). The largest industries in the country include the automotive industry, the retail industry, healthcare industry, pharmaceutical industry, and oil and gas industry. These industries and others that are not listed here serve as the backbone of the country’s economy. As a notable participant in the international business arena, United States is a trade partner to many other countries around the world. However, some of its biggest traders in terms of exports and imports are Mexico, Japan, China, Canada, and Germany, among others (Helpman, Melitz and Rubinstein 445).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Business Transactions of United States and Saudi Arabia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The U.S. is currently the largest single economy in the world, with a Gross Domestic Product of $16.6 trillions according to the latest listings. The other country that is featured here is Saudi Arabia, popularly known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. With an estimated area of 2.1 million km2, the popular Arab State is said to be the largest country in terms of land area in the whole of Western Asia. Currently, the country has an estimated population of about 29 million people comprising of the original citizens, illegal immigrants, and registered foreign expatriates. Just like America, Saudi Arabia is a major player in international business, especially in transactions involving petroleu m and oil-based products, which are said to have a heavy command on the country’s economy (Achoui 41). Even though Saudi Arabia is incomparable with the U.S. when it comes to international business transactions, they are well recognized at the global markets for being a major importer and exporter of a wide range of products. Currently, the Arabic state is ranked at position 19 among the biggest exporters, and position 20 among the biggest importers in the world. Some of the major exports of the country are petroleum and petroleum products, petrochemicals, electrical appliances, construction materials, plastic products, and metal-related goods (Jasimuddin 61).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, Saudi Arabia imports products such as motor vehicles, machinery equipment, foodstuffs, and coal products, among other things. Just like the U.S., Saudi Arabia is also home to numerous industries, with some of the big ones including petroleum refining industries, oil industries, petrochemical industries, pharmaceutical industries, plastic industries, pharmaceutical industries, and cement industries among others. As a recognized importer and exporter of vast products, Saudi Arabia has a large network of business partners from allover the world (Niblock and Malik 77). Some of the major trading partners of the Arab State of Saudi Arabia include the UK, Japan, China, Thailand, Canada, and the United States. The country also has numerous trade relations with other surrounding Arabic nations such as Yemen, Iran, Syria, and Iran, just to mention a few. Saudi Arabia enjoys a strong economic situation, considering its current GDP that stands at $160 billions. As it would be observed, the commercial sector in the country has grown rapidly over the past few decades. This, however, has made the Arabic state the most powerful economy in the Arabic world. Based on these observations, there is no doubt that Saudi Arabia has a great potential in international business transactions. Works Cited Achoui, Mustapha. â€Å"Human resource development in Gulf countries: an analysis of the trends and challenges facing Saudi Arabia.† Human Resource Development  International 12.1 (2009): 35-46. Print. Helpman, Elhanan, Melitz Marc and Rubinstein Yona. â€Å"Estimating trade flows: Trading partners and trading volumes.† The Quarterly Journal of Economics 123.2 (2008): 441-487. Print. Jasimuddin, Sajjad. â€Å"Analyzing the competitive advantages of Saudi Arabia with Porter’s model.† Journal of Business Industrial Marketing 16.1 (2001): 59-68. Print. Niblock, Tim and Malik Monica. The political economy of Saudi Arabia. UK: Routledge, 2007. Print. Rosenberg, Nathan. How the West grew rich: The economic transformation of the  industrial world. New York: Basic books, 2008. Print. Rugman, Allan, and Collinson Simon. International business. New Jersey: Pearson Education, 2009. Print. This essay on International Business Transactions of United States and Saudi Arabia was written and submitted by user Graysen Floyd to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Climate Change, Development and Disaster Risk Reduction

Climate Change, Development and Disaster Risk Reduction Introduction The climatic conditions of the earth have changed significantly over the centuries. This can be noticed from the geological evidence of changes in sea levels and ice ages. The patterns of human activity over the centuries also give good evidence of climate change.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Climate Change, Development and Disaster Risk Reduction specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is unclear what caused the climate changes in the past, but scientists have listed possible causes like volcanic eruptions, the sun’s effects, and changes in ocean currents (Pelling 2011 p. 17). The evidence of climate change at present is mainly seen in the sharp increase in global temperatures over the past few decades. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report arrived at the conclusion that climate change was happening at present. Atmospheric and oceanic temperatures have reached reco rd high levels that have never been witnessed in the last 500 years and most likely for over 1000 years (IPPC 2008 p. 34). The effects of climate change can be seen in many areas, with one of the most common pointers being the increased frequency of natural disasters. Industrialization and deforestation increase the levels greenhouse gases in the earth’s atmosphere, and this has consequently led to an increase in droughts, floods, hurricanes and other natural disasters. Current Approach to Climate Change A look at the statistics indicates that climate change is a major issue that requires a serious approach in order to mitigate its effects. For the period from 1995 to 2004, disasters caused 890,000 deaths and affected a total of 2.5 billion people, with losses estimated at US$ 570 billion (IPCC 2008 p. 46). The number of disasters recorded almost doubled for the period running from 1995 to 2005, and this is cause for major concern. Other plausible explanations for this increa se include population growth and the increase in the number of climatic disasters of a lower magnitude. However, the increased cases of droughts, storms, and very high rainfalls in different places are indicative of the culmination of the effects of climate change, and major disasters are yet to follow in the future (Schipper Pelling 2006, p. 117). Some positive statistics show that there are now fewer people dying as a result of disasters as compared to previous centuries. This is particularly so for widespread flooding and drought, which have in the past claimed hundreds of thousands of human lives.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This reduction can be attributed to improved systems for monitoring climatic patterns, providing early warning of impending disaster and general preparedness (Sietz Boschutz 2011 p. 82). The responses of governments and internationa l organizations through measures like evacuations and food aid have also helped save a lot of lives. However, this trend could be on the reverse since the past few decades have seen a rise in the baseline level of deaths, which can be attributed to a growing population with a majority of the poor living in disaster prone areas. It is the poor people that feel the full impact of disasters and other effects of climate change. Any progress that has been made towards poverty reduction over the years can be undone due to the damages caused by these disasters (Pachuari 2004 p. 137). Many people in the population expect their respective governments to shield them from the risks of disaster at all costs (Wilkinson 2012 p. 156). They do not seriously consider the risks that they may be putting themselves in from the choices they make, especially concerning where they settle and the socio-economic activities that they engage in. Experts have proposed an approach that decreases the chances of the population suffering impending disasters, regardless of whether they are related to climate change or not. This idea of disaster risk reduction or adaptation can be implemented in several ways. These include public awareness programs, early warning systems, and environmental protection. These efforts also require serious political commitment and administrative input from respective governments. Politics, Institutions and Climate Change Disaster risk reduction and climate change are closely related, yet they are usually discussed under different policy spheres at both national and international forums. In recent years, those concerned with disaster reduction have actively contributed to discussions on climate change, and have proposed concepts for adaptation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Climate Change, Development and Disaster Risk Reduction specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There have been efforts to combine the efforts towards disaster reduction and climate change. There are several UN processes geared towards risk reduction. They include bodies like the United Nations Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States (UNOHRLLS) and the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). The Small Island Developing States have already recognized the need to reduce the risks of climate change, and have come up with the Mauritius Strategy on sustainable development. The World Trade Organization (WTO) is also helping poor countries that depend on agriculture how to reduce risk and adapt to climate change. Experts emphasize that the most of the efforts towards reducing climate change and disaster risks should be made at community and state levels. This calls for an integrated approach that unites the efforts of all the concerned sectors under a common framework. Some of these sectors include education, i nfrastructure, health, and environment. It has been noted that most of the disaster risk reduction efforts in many countries are handled by the armed forces or emergency management bodies that usually have few connections with other concerned ministries like environment, finance, or economic planning. Many countries are now looking at how to integrate these efforts for better coordination and collaboration between all the major stakeholders (Willis 2005 p. 175). The public needs to be actively engaged in disaster reduction efforts to complement the efforts by the government and international bodies. The private sector also has a lot of expertise when it comes to disaster management and risk reduction, and their in put should be sought to boost the efforts that are already in place. Climate change is now the leading cause of many disasters happening all over the world. As a result, the efforts at mitigating the effects of climate change are closely related to disaster risk reduction, and the two must be approached by combining efforts. Future projections for climate change Experts are now using computer-based models to try to predict future climate patterns. These models incorporate important factors that affect the atmosphere and the oceans, like the projected increase in greenhouse gases due to socio-economic activities. The results released by the IPCC based on the computer models paint a very grim picture.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Surface air temperatures for the globe are expected to increase by 1.1-6.4 degrees Celsius while seas levels are expected to rise by 18 to 59 cm by the year 2100 (IPCC 2008 p. 58). The acidity of the oceans will increase while the planet will experience heat waves and high precipitation events will become more common. The high precipitation will mainly be seen at higher altitudes while the subtropical areas will see less rainfall. The continuous rising of tropical sea surface temperatures will cause the tropical cyclones, like typhoons and hurricanes, to become more intense. This will be seen in the higher peak wind speeds and more accompanying precipitation (citation). Expected effects of climate change Melt water from the top of the mountains supply more than one sixth of the planet’s population with their water needs. These are people living mainly in the dry tropics and mid latitudes, and they are likely to experience a significant reduction in water supply by the middle of the century. There will be higher precipitation in some areas and this is most likely to result in more floods. The mid and high altitude areas may initially benefit from higher agricultural output due to the increased precipitation. However, in the lower altitude areas, crop production will be heavily affected due to the increases in temperature and frequency of droughts and floods. There will be more people facing hunger and this will cause displacement and migration of large populations. Those societies, settlements, and industries located at the coastal areas and river flood plains face the highest risks from the effects of climate change. Also under threat are those countries whose economies are heavily dependent on climate-sensitive resources. The extreme weather patterns have become a common occurrence and with increased intensity, and the economic and social costs of damages resulting from these events will increase. This is more so for places undergoing rapid urbanizatio n. The negative impact of climate change on health is a major concern. Heat waves, storms, droughts, floods, and fires are likely to cause more injuries and deaths. Other threats to health will come from malaria, diarrhea, and malnutrition. The projects aimed at improving public health especially in the poor countries will suffer a huge setback as a result of disasters (Mehta 2000 p. 89). Climate change is expected to affect all countries, but the nastiest effects will be experienced by people in poor countries and the poor segment in developed countries. The poor have a tendency to live in high-risk areas like flood plains, yet they do not have properly built houses. Their economic activities are also dependent on climate, like agriculture, and they have no capacity to cope with the effects of climate change (Madan 2010 p. 67). This means that the low incomes of the poor are likely to fall further, and the rates of illness and death will increase in many developing countries. Afric a already suffers from numerous problems like endemic poverty, armed conflicts, and other disasters yet it lacks the institutional capacity to deal with these situations. This makes the continent extremely vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Drought is set to continue being a major problem in Africa, and it has been shown that sub-Saharan Africa has become drier during the 20th century. Agricultural production and water supply are expected to reduce significantly, with some projections putting a reduction in agricultural yields by up to 50% by the year 2020 (Low 2005 p. 248). Asia has been keen on sustainable development but this is set to come under strain as climate change puts more pressure on natural resources that are already under threat from urbanization and industrialization. Dealing with Climate Change The world has slowly awaken to the fact that climate change is a major concern, and countries are now trying to discuss and negotiate ways of dealing with the proble m, mainly under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It has been widely accepted that greenhouse emissions arising from human activity are the main problem, and focus is now on how to reduce these emissions (Levine, Ludi Jones 2011, p. 46). There is a lot of contention on how to go about reducing greenhouse emissions, as it calls for radical changes that will affect the society in a major way. The use of fossil fuels, industries, urban development, and general land use all need to be changed drastically and this is likely to affect many people in a huge way hence the resistance. The efforts at reducing greenhouse emissions are referred to as â€Å"mitigation†. Some of the proposed mitigation actions include switching to renewable forms of energy, development of low-energy technologies and reducing reliance on energy-intensive products. It also involves environmental management and conservation efforts targeting forests and soils. The second pla n of action in response to climate change involves finding ways of managing its impacts. The amounts of greenhouse gases that have already accumulated in the atmosphere mean that the world cannot escape the impacts of climate change. This is reinforced by the continued emissions before the mitigation efforts take full effect. It is widely accepted that the impacts of climate change are coming or are already here, and some effort is being put towards lessening these impacts. These efforts towards coping with climate change are referred to as â€Å"adaptation†. Proposed adaptation efforts include early warning systems, better building designs, improved agricultural practices, and putting in place social safety nets for the poor. Adaptation and mitigation efforts should go hand in hand for complimentary effect (Jones et al. 2010 p. 79). Conclusion Geological and anthropological evidence indicate that the earth has experienced climate change before. It is difficult to point out t he real reasons behind climate change in the past. However, climate change is happening now, and much of it is due to human activity. Both atmospheric and oceanic temperatures have reached record highs that have not been experienced for hundreds of years. The effects of climate change are already being felt, especially due to the increased frequency of disasters all over the world. These changes have mostly affected poor people living in disaster prone areas (Baker 2012 p. 28). The most common effects are extreme weather conditions like heavy rainfall that results in widespread floods, and prolonged drought that causes famine and denies the poor a source of livelihood through agriculture. There have been efforts towards addressing climate change as the world continues to witness its devastating effects. However, there seems to be several hindering factors, mainly at local and national levels (Dasgupta Baschieri 2010 p. 56). Most countries lack the capacities and institutional frame works to deal with climate change, and there has also been slow reaction from governments yet they are expected to play a significant role in the whole process. Efforts at addressing climate change revolve around mitigation actions aimed at reducing greenhouse emissions, and adaptation actions meant to reduce the impacts of climate change. Mitigation requires some drastic measures that are bound to affect many people in a significant way, and this has caused a lot of debate. As for adaptation, it has come to be accepted that climate change is already causing problems, with more to come so people are trying to find ways of lessening the impact. References Baker, J L 2012, Climate change, disaster risk, and the urban poor: Cities building  resilience for a changing world, World Bank, Washington, D.C. Dasgupta, A Baschieri, A 2010, ‘Vulnerability to Climate Change in Rural Ghana: Mainstreaming Climate Change in Poverty-Reduction Strategies’, Journal of  International Development, vol. 954 no.748, pp. 803-820 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2008, Climate change 2007: impacts,  adaptation and vulnerability : Working Group II contribution to the Fourth Assessment  Report of the IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC Secretariat, Geneva. Jones, L., Jaspars, S., Pavanello, S., Ludi, E., Slater, R., Arnall, A., Grist, N and Mtisi, S 2010, Responding to a changing climate: Exploring how disaster risk reduction, social  protection and livelihoods approaches promote features of adaptive capacity, Overseas Development Institute, London. Levine, S., Ludi, E. and Jones, L 2011, Rethinking Support for Adaptive Capacity to  Climate Change The Role of Development Interventions, Overseas Development Institute, London Low, S 2005, Climate change and Africa, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge [u.a.], Madan K 2010, Natural and anthropogenic disasters: vulnerability, preparedness and  Mitigation, Springer, Dordrecht Mehta, l 2000, â €˜Environmental Governance in an Uncertain World’, IDS Bulletin, vol. 32 no. 4, pp. 1-15 Pachauri, R 2004, ‘Climate Change and Its Implications for Development’, IDS Bulletin, vol. 35 no. 3, pp. 11-14. Pelling, M 2011, ‘Conclusion: adapting with climate change’, Adaptation to climate  change: from resilience to transformation, Routledge: New York, Schipper, L and Pelling, M 2006, ‘Disaster risk, climate change and international development: Scopes for, and challenges to, integration’, Disasters, vol. 30 no. 1, pp. 19-38. Sietz, D and Boschutz, M 2011, ‘Mainstreaming climate adaptation into development assistance: rationale, institutional barriers and opportunities in Mozambique,  Environmental Science Policy, vol. 14 no. 4, pp 493-502. Wilkinson, E 2012, Transforming disaster risk management: a political economy  approach, Overseas Development Institute, London. Willis, K 2005, Theories and Practices of Development, Routl edge, Abingdon.

Homework Wk 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Homework Wk 3 - Assignment Example a. US Treasury Bills – Although it is the most liquid short-term security it is considered as risk-free investment. This could lead to potential disadvantage for corporations’ cash management because the yields of these securities are nominal that may not be sufficient for current cash requirements. b. Ordinary Preferred Stock – It allows a company to raise capital without diluting voting rights where the investor is eligible to receive regular dividends. This is in contrast to the nature of pure equity where investor shares risk of firm. This would require regular cash outflow by the firm. c. NCDs – They allow the companies to raise capital from investors by promising returns at specified rate of interest on deposit. NCDs also allow the investor to trade security in stock markets so that investor may exit the option before maturity. But when the corporation is not able to earn regular cash as a result of which its weighted average cost of capital exceeds interest earned then NCDs may become a burden for the corporate. d. Commercial Papers – They are issued by corporations having good credit ratings and market reputation allowing them to raise capital from investors directly without any intermediary (like banks). This reduces the cost of borrowing but requires company to repay investor at own expense. From given information if the cost of carrying per phone is $26 per year and fixed order cost is $340 then carrying cost per phone is approximately 13.08 (that is, 340/26) and total carrying cost for 740 phones is approximately $9676.92 (that is, 13.08 x 740). From the above calculations it is clear that the company should increase order size as the storage cost is cheaper than cost of carry. Also, the optimal inventory policy would require the company to produce 38 phones [since, √ [2 x 740 x (340/26)] = 38.04]. JIT inventory management system allows manufacturer to eliminate

Obligation Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Obligation Assessment - Essay Example The case is having a history which is stated below. Plaintiffs one and two were married during 1986 and wished to buy a weekend house which they were ready to procure if no excessive repairs were required. They had seen the house Nutford Farm House, Blandford, Dorset. Both the plaintiffs were happy with the house and wished to buy it. Mrs. Marrow conducted the survey on it and sent her report stating that there is no requirement for much repairs and stated some defects were seen in that house. The plaintiffs were willing to buy a house at a cost up to  £170,000, but were not ready to spend any more for repair. Depending and trusting the report forwarded by Mrs. Morrow, the couple decided to buy Nutford Farm House. The asking cost for the house was set at  £175,000, as there was another client ready to buy it offering a price of  £177,500 and the couple bought the property. The situation changed after entering for living in that house. The hide out stated as â€Å"overall dwell ing house to be sound, stable and in good condition† (Stephen, Ralph & Bingham, 1991, p.3) by Mrs. Morrow turned out to be a structure requiring much monetary expense for normal make up. The â€Å"eradication of wood borer in roofing timbers† (Stephen, Ralph & Bingham, 1991, p.3) was actually necessitating â€Å"the roof was due for renewal with felting, rebattening and retiling† (Stephen, Ralph & Bingham, 1991, p.4) and â€Å"minor works of eradicating continued dampness in ground floor walls† (Stephen, Ralph & Bingham, 1991, p.4) was actually shown as â€Å"the first floor timbers needed specialist woodworm treatment and refixing of firring pieces with extensive renewal of floor boarding† (Stephen, Ralph & Bingham, 1991, p.4) also with other works which were not mentioned in Mrs. Morrow’s report of survey. This indicates the fact â€Å"surveyors report negligently failing to disclose defects† (Stephen, Ralph & Bingham, 1991, p.1) whi ch should be trialled under

Modern Day Technology Overview

Modern Day Technology Overview Misty F. Brown  Ã‚   Consumerization of IT Progresses in cell phone technology, operating frameworks, security, and applications can to a great extent be credited with beginning the movement known as consumerization of IT, or (CoIT). Despite the fact that consumerization is regularly connected with the capacity to use ones by and by possessed cell phone for business utilize, it goes past that to incorporate the utilization of any customer innovation in a business setting. In this manner, the issues that CoIT can convey to the table are more intricate than may show up at first look, however the extent of the pattern empowers plenty of positive business results too (Crook, Hopkins, 2013). Mobile Application Explosion While a few organizations have just started to investigate the business advantages of portable arrangements and in this way may assess best of breed items that address their necessities, organizations advance along the way likely need a thorough versatile arrangement spreading over every one of these territories: versatile application stage, applications, portable undertaking administration, and versatile substance administration arrangements. Furthermore, an answer that is well coordinated and gave by a solitary seller can have the specialized and business benefits favored by these organizations. For instance, a MEAP stage firmly coordinated with existing portable applications permits less demanding and more complex customization of these applications. Additionally, portable applications nearly coordinated with portable venture administration programming frequently permit more hearty versatile security highlights and expository abilities that may not be attainable through point arra ngements from a variety of suppliers. Likewise, clients as often as possible lean toward a solitary merchant connection for more viable reasons like powerful client bolster and speedier resolutions to cross-arrangement specialized issues or required improvements (Crook, Hopkins, 2013). Cloud Computing Since organizations are packed with representatives with capable cell phones and a high level of solace with utilizing them, portable application enablement ventures have begun in sincere. Organizations are hoping to convey not just applications and substance that their claim representatives can use for portable working however remotely confronting applications to accomplices and shoppers too. Distributed computing is an imperative outlook change that helps organizations leave on these portability extends in an all the more auspicious and savvy way. While in the past numerous innovation ventures required costly framework, usage, and preparing costs, distributed computing evacuates these obstructions by advertising the capacity to get up and running quick, with little in advance venture. Despite the fact that there is a time when the expenses between an on-preface and a cloud organization may level out, regularly, cloud models take into consideration speedier time to organization and the capacity to scale over time two vital components for most portability ventures (Crook, Hopkins, 2013). European Airline The aircraft business is very aggressive and cost cognizant; organizations must continuously take a stab at the most noteworthy consumer loyalty or hazard beat to another supplier. Albeit a portion of the issues that cause client dissatisfaction cant generally be kept away from for example, delays because of climate conditions anything an aircraft can do to diminish avoidable issues and keep clients educated is vital. The carrier seen this portability organization as an aggressive differentiator that would permit carrier specialists to give clients more elevated amounts of administration as a key goal. While the aircraft was amped up for the likelihood of empowering its portable specialists with instruments to enhance both their occupations and the client encounter, there were likewise a few genuine concerns. The versatile applications that the specialists would utilize connection to a few of the aircrafts most imperative and touchy frameworks including takeoff control, flight dat a, and traveler data. Worries around unapproved data remained high priority for the organization. While a portion of the potential negative results could simply be minor irritations, the carrier business holds the potential for intense issues also (Crook, Hopkins, 2013). Before revealing the versatility methodology, it was basic that the aircraft found a way to oversee and control the hazard around the gadgets and applications containing this delicate data. The aircraft realized that having a robotized approach to do as such would be exceptionally essential, having taken in the wasteful aspects of manual ways to deal with cell phone whats more, application administration from a past organization. Since it was not yet prepared to make significant capital or staff interests in versatile administration foundation, the organization felt that a SaaS-based versatility arrangement supplier, for example, SAP accomplice VeliQ offered a convincing approach to plunge its toe in the water and after that scale up as required. Today, the carrier utilizes application administration to refresh and deal with the applications on the iPad and gadget administration for resource/arrangement administration, remote wipe/bolt, and approach administration. The sending of por table venture administration programming conveyed all the positive results accomplished by the portability extend, as it was basic to deal with the potential chance if the gadget was lost or stolen or arrived in the wrong hands. This association trusts that its portable application enablement extend controlled by versatile administration and security programming has given better client benefit and fulfillment, higher rates of client maintenance, and expanded income (Crook, Hopkins, 2013). PBS Coals The key test for PBS Coals focused on an underlying portability organization to give continuous access to business-basic investigation, assembling, and deals data from anyplace whenever. In an industry where unsteadiness is the standard, officials need to ensure they have the most up and coming data whenever to make the best choices for the business. This intrinsic instability of the mining business too powers the organization to search for approaches to guarantee costs remain under control (Crook, Hopkins, 2013). At the point when PBS Coals initially started considering its portability system, the choice to assess SAPs offerings in the space was driven by a need to use the same number of back-end frameworks as could be allowed. As the organization experienced the due persistence prepare, it discovered SAP as of now offered bundled iOS applications for a significant number of the business forms it needed to prepare, and different applications PBS Coals required were arranged. Likewise, the capacity to use the SAP Mobile Platform for other custom necessities was essential as was having the capacity to get a cell phone and application administration arrangement from one supplier (Crook, Hopkins, 2013). PBS Coals discovered joining forces with SAP spared time and cash in the following ways: Saved noteworthy improvement exertion by utilizing a few SAP portable bundled applications. Reduced mix time and many-sided quality by utilizing the prescribed procedures of a confided in supplier. Helped the administrators who utilize these applications in their everyday employments feel that they can settle on better choices quicker (Crook, Hopkins, 2013). Verizon Verizon began offering managed versatility game plans in 2008. Meanwhile, Verizon intentionally solidified SAPs item into its client game plan. Verizon first joined together with SAP to use the SAP Afaria course of action; starting now and into the foreseeable future, Verizons answer has stretched out to consolidate SAP Mobile Platform for application progression. Verizon at initially picked SAP therefore of its experience and adaptability. According to Verizon, SAP offers the item convenience and capacities that make up the fundamental bits of its transportability game plan and moreover the cloud-based establishment perspectives that give customers versatile course of action models. SAPs cloud-based techniques enable Verizon to pass on and administer answers for customers with viability especially related to course of action and game plan fortification. Verizon believes the experience and reach of SAP help fortify its managed movability course of action, not simply in light of its value, but furthermore by broadening their customer reach (Crook, Hopkins, 2013). Mobility Paradigm Transportability is a champion among the most troublesome enlisting designs that the endeavor has expected to oversee in a long time. From setting aside the opportunity to assemble a far reaching versatile profile to creating application and security necessities over the organization, making a convenient technique is not a fundamental undertaking. Notwithstanding the numerous choices organizations need to work through in building up a versatile endeavor procedure, the efficiency change alone will rapidly profit ventures. With the unlimited exhibit of specialist co-ops and items in the market, endeavors must set aside the opportunity to comprehend the full extent of their portability needs first or hazard making foolhardy specialty item choices. The items and arrangements an undertaking picks must develop with its needs and supplement inside skills. While each organization must survey how its own necessities adjust to any one merchants items and administrations, the capacity to work w ith one supplier crosswise over a large number of these requirements will be seen by numerous clients as a convincing approach for the long-haul (Crook, Hopkins, 2013). References Crook, S.K. Hopkins, S. (2013). Sap enterprise mobility: bringing a cohesive approach to a complex market [PDF file]. Retrieved from iui course library.

Friedrich Wilhelm August Froebel

Friedrich Wilhelm August Froebel (1782-1852) was a German educator born in Oberweisbach. He is known as the founder of â€Å"Kindergarten† and was one of the most influential educational reformers of the 19th century. Froebel had a difficult childhood. His mother died when he was still young, and his father, a pastor, and stepmother neglected to care for him. Finally, an uncle took over his care and ensured that he receive a high school education. It was there that young Froebel grew up with a love for nature and strong Christian faith, which led him to seek happiness and unity in all things. Froebel’s faith also led him to think as an educationalist. Froebel studied at the University of Jena for a short time. In 1805, while studying architecture in Frankfurt, he was persuaded to become a teacher by the model school at Frankfurt. He then studied with Pestalozzi at Yverdon, before returning to the University of Gottigen and Berlin in Germany. Froebel believed that there was something missing in Pestalozzi’s theory- the ‘spiritual mechanism’. According to Froebel, this was the basis of early childhood education. â€Å"Pestalozzi takes man existing only in appearance on earth,† he said, â€Å"but I take man in his eternal being, in his eternal existence.† (Shapiro, 1983, p.20.) Froebel took a break from studying to join the army for a year from 1813-1814. Afterwards, he received a position at the mineralogical museum in the University of Berlin. Two years later, he founded a school at Greisheim (which later mover to Keilau) which he called the Universal German Educational Institute. It was there that he taught his methods to other teachers. Froebel opened the first Kindergarten in the year of 1837 in Bad Blankenburg. Later, he also founded a Kindergarten training school at Liebenstein. Froebel felt that children, like plants in a garden, need to be cared for and shielded from outside influences. Froeble believed that children need to imitate a teacher’s values and morals. Therefore, teachers need to be respected, receptive, and easily approachable. Among Froebel’s subordinates, however, there were constant disputes, which he was unable to control. He encountered more problems when the Prussian government did not approve of his ideas. In 1851, an edict was issued, which forbade the establishment of Kindergartens. This decree was repealed almost 10 years later- in 1860. Froebel was not alive at that time and had no idea of the impact he left on the school system worldwide, and especially in the United States. The philosophers of his times, Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762-1814) and Friedrich Wilhelm Schelling (1775-1854), also influenced Froebel’s educational ideas. He placed an emphasis on self-activity, physical training, and pleasant surroundings in the development of children. His most important work was the book he wrote in 1826 called Menschenerziehung (tr. The Education of Man, 1877).

Psychology from Descartes’ Perspective Essay

A definition of psychology takes only a few brief words: It is the systematic study of behavior and the factors that influence behavior (Calkins, 1916). Yet that simple statement covers a wide range of subject matter so vast that, just like the universe itself, its boundaries defy imagination. problems and seek ways to cope with them (Murchison, 1929). The factors that influence behavior are also many and varied. The most important is the human brain, but the brain itself is immensely complex; it is made up of 10 billion nerve cells, of scores of different kinds performing different functions, that are intricately connected and interconnected and constantly exchanging messages coded into little jolts of electricity and chemical activity (Murchison, 1929). The definition of psychology includes systematic study because psychology uses the rigorous and highly disciplined methods of science. It does not rely on some mysterious and supernatural explanation for human behavior, as our early ancestors presumably did. It is not content to describe behavior as some philosopher of the past, however brilliant, may have imagined it to be. Psychology is skeptical and demands proof. It is based on controlled experiments and on observations made with the greatest possible precision and objectivity (Calkins, 1916). Throughout the Middle Ages, intellectual and philosophical figures scrutinized behavior primarily from a spiritual rather than a scientific perspective. Then again, a number of philosophers of the 17th and 18th centuries provided sizeable inputs to the expansion of psychology. Great thinkers of all times have attacked and criticized the god-idea with philosophical arguments. Despite this, the god-idea is still alive. Propped up by questionable arguments and means, it still clings to life. Rene Descartes is one of the inquisitive minds in history. Since Descartes has found a piece of certain knowledge, that he exists as a thinking thing, he starts to look around for more of self- evident truths. He discovers that he has quite a few of them, prominent among these being the truths of mathematics and logic, and he is optimistic about his chances for developing a system of certain knowledge. Then he realizes a kink in his plan. These clear and distinct perceptions are only indubitable so long as he is attending to them (Hocking, 1912) Rene Descartes portrayed the body and mind as unconnected elements that heavily shape each other. Descartes proposed that the transmission between body and mind happened in the pineal gland in the brain (Kemp, 1990). Additionally, Rene Descartes assumed that there was no problem that human reason could not solve if the correct method was employed. This was also the assumption Locke called into critical question, namely the belief that the human mind has capabilities that enable it to discover the true nature of the universe. To his contemporaries, Descartes was wasting his time by trying to discover what must be absolutely true in the real world. He is not arguing against material objects, just material object substances. He says that something can exist when either he sees or feels it, when he perceives it, or when some other spirit perceives it (Palmer, 2001). View of material object substances was that they are caused by the object itself or by God. And God would be a deceiver if he caused the ideas, but God isn’t a deceiver so material object substances exist in and of themselves. Some psychologists reject Descartes’ ideas because he thinks that God is the cause of material object substances, but that doesn’t make him a deceiver (Palmer, 2001). Descartes aimed at the more modest objective of clearing the ground a little, and removing some of the rubbish that lies in the way of knowledge. Descartes hit upon a bold and original interpretation of how the mind works, and from this, described the kind and extent of knowledge we can expect from the human mind. The scope of our knowledge, according to Descartes, is limited to our experience. This was not a new insight as both Bacon and Thomas Hobbes had urged before him that knowledge should be built upon observation, and to this extent they indeed could be called empiricists. And so through the centuries, humanity remained absorbed in the attempt to explain human nature. The philosophers like Rene Descartes speculated. Literary giants wrote of human passions, struggles, triumphs, and tragedies. But the facts were not available; only personal opinion and guesswork. It was impossible to know for sure how we see and hear until modern science learned about light and sound waves and the way they affect nerve endings within the body. Human moods and emotions could not be analyzed until science identified the substances secreted by the human glands and the complex way the glands interact with the brain. The process of heredity could not be understood until biologists discovered the chromosomes, genes, and the chemical key to life called DNA. The influence of environment was unclear until psychologists established the facts about learning and about development from infant to adult (Kantor, 1963). Though Descartes may have seen science and psychology as unified science, the relevant eternal worth of each exhibits the enormous disparity between them. Descartes’ version of psychology is rooted in conjecture that has ever since been abandoned with improved comprehension and technology brought to light, while his role in biology was found on competent annotations deduced with ardent insight that survived centuries of criticisms (Calkins, 1916). Even today, we do not know the full story, and perhaps we never will, for human behavior is so complex that it may forever defy complete understanding. But psychologists aided by the progress of other scientists have found some of the answers, and they are making new discoveries all the time. The psychological experiment, psychology itself, has come a long way since the science began. At the start, the idea of taking approach to the study of behavior required a radical shift in human thinking and invention of brand-new techniques of study. The early psychologists lacked the tools necessary for sophisticated exploration. All in all the science has had a remarkably rich history, and it would be impossible to list all of Rene Descartes’ influential ideas that have made important contributions. The progress has been especially rapid in recent years, as knowledge has built on knowledge, and many of the facts and terms were unknown even a few decades ago. Each new finding made by Descartes’ descendants raises new questions and demands new explanations, and it is unlikely that psychologists will ever complete their exploration of the vast domain they have entered. But they have gone a long way toward probing the very core of human nature and human experience, including mental processes and behavior in all their great variety from a baby’s first faltering attempts at learning to an adult’s complex emotions, strivings, conflicts, and social adjustments or maladjustments. Without taking the scientific approach, it is difficult to reach valid conclusions about human behavior. The nonscientist is almost bound to commit numerous mistakes of observation and interpretation and to make judgments based on faulty or insufficient evidence. All of us tend to generalize from our own feelings and experiences, though what we see in ourselves is not necessarily characteristic of people on general. Or we generalize from the actions and opinions of the people we know, which again are not necessarily universal. Thus the findings of Descartes often come as a surprise, even to psychologists themselves (Murchison, 1929).

Alicia My Story, Book Summary Essay - 1351 Words

The main character in this story is a Jewish girl named Alicia. When the book starts she is ten years old, she lives in the Polish town of Buczacz with her four brothers, Moshe, Zachary, Bunio, and Herzl, and her mother and father . The holocaust experience began subtly at first when the Russians began to occupy Buczacz. When her brother Moshe was killed at a â€Å" Boys School† in Russia and her father was gathered up by German authorities, the reality of the whole situation quickly became very real. Her father was taken away shortly after the Russians had moved out and the Germans began to occupy Buczacz. Once the Germans occupied, they moved the Jewish population of Buczacz into mass ghettos. Alicia and the rest of her family had to share†¦show more content†¦Here the conditions were very poor. Every day more and more people were taken out and shot. On the inside of the cells it was a cesspool of germs and diseases. Every morning the jailkeepers would go around the cell and kick people to see if they were still alive. One of these times Alicia was taken for dead and put onto a wagon with other bodies. The driver of the wagon found her, nursed her back to better health and then brought her back to the ghetto. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;During this time, before, and after she returned to the ghetto attempts to rid the ghettos of Jews were called â€Å"actions†. To escape being caught by the German police who took part in the actions, they built large bunkers to hide from their captors. After several of these actions, the Buczacz ghetto had been emptied by more than half. At this point the time came to move to a new ghetto. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Alicia had been in this new ghetto only a short time when another action occurred. This time Alicia was captured and brought to a mass grave with a multitude of other Jews. 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